Zinc oxide is a white, powdery mineral used for making cosmetic and medical products. It has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, and it's best known as a primary ingredient in sunscreens.Current research doesn't show any adverse outcomes from the nano-sized zinc oxide particles that are found in cosmetics or sunscreens.

When applied topically, zinc oxide also offers several other important benefits for skin health.

There are two types of sunscreen protection: chemical and mineral. Chemical sunscreens absorb the sun's rays to protect the skin. Mineral sunscreens, like those that contain zinc oxide, create a physical barrier that reflects ultraviolet (UV) light away from the skin's surface.When UV rays penetrate the skin and damage tissue, it speeds up the aging process and dries out the skin. Exposure to UV rays, whether from the sun or tanning beds, is also a risk factor for all types of skin cancer.Sunscreens containing zinc oxide are a good choice for children or adults with sensitive or acne-prone skin, since they're less likely to cause allergic reactions or skin irritation. They also start working as soon as they're applied. They do have a thicker texture that can leave a white film on the skin, but some formulations can reduce that effect.

Zinc oxide can protect and soothe your skin in other ways, too. A topical cream can be used to treat or prevent minor skin irritations, such as burns and cuts. It's also a key ingredient in many over-the-counter diaper rash creams. A formulation with 5 percent zinc oxide can be effective and start working within 12 hours.One review of studies found zinc oxide ointment provides a physical barrier to water absorption, and it reduces bacterial infections in mild dermatitis caused by wet diapers. The effects are best when it's applied after each diaper change.

While zinc oxide is white, it doesn't permanently lighten the skin. It is, however, a common ingredient in sunscreens used for the treatment of melasma, a common skin condition that can cause brown patches on the face.One study found that people who have melasma reported a reduction in symptom severity after three months of treatment with 10 percent topical zinc sulfate, another type of zinc. However, current research doesn't support using it as a direct treatment for skin discoloration caused by melasma.When used daily, broad-spectrum sunscreen with zinc oxide that's SPF 30 or higher can help prevent further skin darkening, though. It should be worn on all parts of the body that may be exposed to sun, and it should be used even when it's raining or snowing outside.

Due to its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, zinc oxide can be an effective acne treatment, although thicker formulations less so. Applied topically, zinc oxide can help reduce the redness, swelling, and bacteria associated with breakouts. Research shows it can also boost skin repair, reduce sebum, and prevent scarring.Oral zinc sulfate may treat acne, too. Research suggests it can treat mild to moderate papulopustular acne. This is the type that causes red, raised bumps on the skin as well as those filled with pus.

Zinc oxide is also an active ingredient in many over-the-counter hemorrhoid treatments. While they may ease discomfort temporarily, these zinc oxide creams have not been studied thoroughly for safety or efficacy for long-term use.Hemorrhoids are swollen veins around the anal canal that are caused by excess pressure in the pelvic and rectal area. Zinc oxide can protect skin from such irritation, but the affected area needs to be gently cleaned and dried before applying it.

• Zinc oxide is a mineral that's used in topical cosmetic and medical products. It's mostly known as a primary ingredient in mineral, or physical, sunscreens.

• Applying zinc oxide to the skin creates a barrier that shields the effects of harmful UVA and UVB rays. Since zinc oxide isn't likely to cause allergic reactions, it's a good sunscreen option for kids or adults with sensitive skin.

• Zinc oxide is also found in creams that treat minor burns and diaper rash. It may also be part of a treatment plan for dark spots on the skin and hemorrhoids.